Raman Microscopy and Mapping as a Probe for Photodegradation in Surface Relief Gratings Recorded on Layer-by-Layer Films of Congo Red/Polyelectrolyte
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Raman microscopy, mapping, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques have been applied to investigate the degradation of Congo Red (CR) in a surface relief grating (SRG) recorded on an electrostatically assembled layer-by-layer film of CR alternated with poly(dimethyl diallylammonium chloride) (PDAC). Photoinduced degradation was suggested by a decrease in the Raman bands assigned to CR with a concomitant increase in the background signal. More degradation was observed in the valleys of the SRG, which corresponded to the most illuminated areas. In a line mapping across the SRG, the Raman intensity of CR bands follows the modulation of the grating, which indicates that photodegradation of CR contributes at least partially to the SRG formation. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) indicates that the phenyl ring groups are located at the film surface. Mapping of the Raman signal over many periods of SRG shows that, within the limits of detection, the chromophores appear to be oriented in much the same way throughout the film. They have no preferred orientation in the peaks and valleys of the SRG after the recording process has been completed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".