Midazolam sedates agitated patients more rapidly than haloperidol-promethazine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TREC Collaborative Group. Rapid tranquillisation for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms: a randomised trial of midazolam versus haloperidol plus promethazine. BMJ 2003;327:708–13.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Q Is midazolam or haloperidol plus promethazine more effective for rapid sedation of agitated or aggressive people with mental illness? ### ![Graphic][3] Design: Randomised controlled trial. ### ![Graphic][4] Allocation: Concealed. ### ![Graphic][5] Blinding: Treatment was open, but assessors were blinded to intervention. ### ![Graphic][6] Follow up period: Twenty minutes for primary outcome. ### ![Graphic][7] Setting: Three psychiatric emergency rooms, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ### ![Graphic][8] Patients: 301 people needing sedation for agitation or aggressive behaviour. ### ![Graphic][9] Intervention: Intramuscular injection of midazolam (15 mg or 7.5 mg) or haloperidol plus promethazine (5 mg or 10 mg haloperidol plus 50 mg promethazine). ### ![Graphic][10] Outcomes: Participant asleep or tranquillised at 20 … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.volume%253D327%26rft.issue%253D7417%26rft.spage%253D708%26rft.epage%253D713%26rft.atitle%253DRapid%2Btranquillisation%2Bfor%2Bagitated%2Bpatients%2Bin%2Bemergency%2Bpsychiatric%2Brooms%253A%2Ba%2Brandomised%2Btrial%2Bof%2Bmidazolam%2Bversus%2Bhaloperidol%2Bplus%2Bpromethazine%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.327.7417.708%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14512476%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=327/7417/708&atom=%2Febmental%2F7%2F2%2F42.atom [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-8.gif
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".