Habitat variation and invasive species as factors influencing the distribution of native fishes in the lower Fraser River Valley, British Columbia, with an emphasis on brassy minnow (<i>Hybognathus hankinsoni</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brassy minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs, 1929) have disjunct distributions in western Canada, making them a species of conservation concern. We assessed changes in the distribution of invasive species as factors influencing the distribution of brassy minnow and other native species by comparing historical and current distributions in the lower Fraser River in British Columbia. We tested effects of physical habitat parameters on local distributions of brassy minnow and for evidence of negative interactions between brassy minnow and invasive brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819)). Comparison of contemporary and historical (1956 and 1959) fish distributions indicated significant declines in native cypriniform (minnows and suckers) species, including brassy minnow, but no change in the number of invasive species, although there was some faunal turnover. Logistic regression suggested that conductivity, turbidity, and water temperature were important predictors of brassy minnow presence. Appearances of adult-sized brown bullhead at one site corresponded with reduced abundance of native fishes. In growth experiments with brassy minnow, brown bullhead, and redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson, 1836)), brassy minnow exhibited mass loss and mortalities, suggesting that they were poor competitors. Our results contribute to a better understanding of abiotic and biotic factors affecting distribution and persistence of brassy minnow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".