Quantitative determination of long-term erosion rates of weathered granitic soil surfaces in western Abukuma, Japan using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present erosion rates of granitic soil surfaces in the western Abukuma upland, Japan using depth profiles of in-situ produced cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al based on physical parameters for both neutron and muon interactions. Samples were obtained below the severely weathered zone, from 30 to 190 cm depth below surface (bs). We confirmed that, in this environment, deeper layers from at least 80 cm bs must be analyzed to achieve highly accurate measurement of erosion rate because near-surface layers are potentially influenced by pedogenic processes. The depth profiles obtained suggest a surface-lowering rate of 49-74 m/Myr for a mountain ridge composed of granitic soil. This newly obtained erosion rate is much higher than previously reported granitic or metamorphic bedrock, as well as quartz vein, erosion rates from several climatic environments including humid regions, suggesting that granitic soil surface is more susceptible to erosion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".