Quantitative determination of long-term erosion rates of weathered granitic soil surfaces in western Abukuma, Japan using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profile
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present erosion rates of granitic soil surfaces in the western Abukuma upland, Japan using depth profiles of in-situ produced cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al based on physical parameters for both neutron and muon interactions. Samples were obtained below the severely weathered zone, from 30 to 190 cm depth below surface (bs). We confirmed that, in this environment, deeper layers from at least 80 cm bs must be analyzed to achieve highly accurate measurement of erosion rate because near-surface layers are potentially influenced by pedogenic processes. The depth profiles obtained suggest a surface-lowering rate of 49-74 m/Myr for a mountain ridge composed of granitic soil. This newly obtained erosion rate is much higher than previously reported granitic or metamorphic bedrock, as well as quartz vein, erosion rates from several climatic environments including humid regions, suggesting that granitic soil surface is more susceptible to erosion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it