A comparison of smoking behaviours between patients treated with clozapine and depot neuroleptics
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high prevalence of smoking among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia is well recognized and documented. Many explanations have been put forth to explain this phenomenon including the effects of antipsychotic medication. We sought to determine if there is a difference in smoking behaviour between patients treated with clozapine and depot neuroleptics. This cross-sectional study recruited patients with schizophrenia from the Forensic Psychiatric Institute of British Columbia. Eligibility for the study required that patients be on either clozapine or depot neuroleptic for at least 2 months. The patient's smoking behaviour was evaluated using expired carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and a semi-structured interview. Our results showed that patients treated with clozapine had significantly lower expired CO values than patients treated with depot neuroleptics (11.8 +/- 9.2 versus 21.2 +/- 7.1 p.p.m., respectively, P < 0.01). This finding was further supported by the noted trend in which patients receiving clozapine self-reported smoking less than patients treated with depot neuroleptics (13.7 +/- 11.3 versus 26.8 +/- 18.3 cigarettes per day, respectively, P = 0.08). Thus, according to measurements of expired CO levels, patients treated with clozapine smoke less than patients treated with depot neuroleptics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it