Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steel for Application in Used Fuel Containers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is being investigated as a method to fabricate a partial penetration closure weld of the steel vessel of a copper-coated used fuel container. The hemi-head is made of A516 Grade 70 steel and the cylinder body is made of A106 Grade C steel. In this initial feasibility study, the objective is to use FSW to demonstrate the merits of FSW using flat steel plate in concert with a closure weld joint designed specifically for a cylindrical container. To complete this objective, there are two initial feasibility demonstrations. First, demonstrate the capability of FSW to create defect free welds in a corner joint design with specific dimensions (10 mm deep weld nugget). Subsequently, verify the weld quality by ultrasonic inspection and metallography. Further, characterize weld zone properties by establishing mechanical properties and hardness at room temperature, and impact toughness at-5°C. Second, demonstrate the ability to use FSW to repair defects that might occur in the initial friction stir weld. Weld repair was accomplished by intentionally creating tunnel defects by FSW, performing metallography and ultrasonic inspection to characterize the morphology of the defects, performing a second friction stir weld repair over the defects, and verifying the subsequent weld integrity by repeating the metallography and ultrasonic inspections. Results on these initial two phases of this program are presented herein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".