Lost and Found Testes: The Importance of the hCG Stimulation Test and Other Testicular Markers to Confirm a Surgical Declaration of Anorchia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In patients with impalpable testes,laparoscopy or open surgery is considered conclusive in establishing the absence of testicular tissue. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Over a 22-year period, 4 out of 82 patients with a diagnosis of bilateral anorchia by laparoscopy or laparotomy had persistent testicular tissue suggested by endocrine evaluations. The clue to the presence of testicular tissue was: (1) a pubertal rise in plasma testosterone (2 patients); (2) the presence of possible Müllerian structures and of a detectable plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (1 patient), and (3) the fact that one of the gonads had not been seen at surgery (1 patient who still had a testosterone response to hCG postoperatively). Testes were localized by venography (3 patients) and laparotomy (1 patient). CONCLUSION: A surgical diagnosis of bilateral anorchia needs to be confirmed by hCG stimulation, gonadotropin levels, or other markers of testicular function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".