Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This paper explores the nature of HIV-related stigma among South Asians in Toronto, its consequences for people living with it and its role in determining access to HIV services. DESIGN: The study is based on data from four focus group discussions with members of an HIV outreach organization, HIV-positive men and women, and women of different ages from the mainstream South Asian community. The questions were adapted from the Explanatory Model Interview Catalog that has been widely used to assess health-related stigma. RESULTS: HIV-related stigma was found to be high in Toronto's South Asian community. Respondents perceived it to be greater among South Asians than in other Canadian communities. South Asian families were said to harbor the most stigma, often rejecting HIV-positive members. Differences were noted between first- and second-generation South Asian migrants in knowledge about, and stigma toward, HIV. Women living with HIV were found to be particularly disadvantaged and stigmatized. Because of stigma, many people living with HIV concealed their illness and avoided HIV-related services. CONCLUSION: Major gaps in knowledge about HIV among Canadian South Asians, and a considerable amount of stigma against people living with HIV, were found. The implications of stigma were highly problematic for people living with HIV, impeding access to services and social support. The paper concludes with recommendations to address stigma, based on suggestions from the study's participants.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".