Review Essay: Torture and Incompetence in the ‘War on Terror’
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. See especially the report, containing much new information, prepared by the investigator appointed by the Council of Europe's Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, the Swiss senator Dick Marty, Alleged Secret Detentions and Unlawful Inter-state Transfers of Detainees Involving Council of Europe Member States (Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly Doc. 10957, 12 June 2006), available at http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc06/edoc10957.pdf. 2. The Congressional Research Service report, based on available open-source documentation and not on any new investigation, is Undisclosed U.S. Detention Sites Overseas: Background and Legal Issues (Washington DC: Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, 12 September 2006), available at http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs. 3. European Parliament, Temporary Committee on the Alleged Use of European Countries by the CIA for the Transportation and Illegal Detention of Prisoners, Final Report, 26 January 2007, available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/comparl/tempcom/tdip/default_en.htm. 4. The poll was conducted between November 2006 and January 2007. The results, published on 23 January 2007, plus links to related sites, are available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/01_january/23/us.shtml 5. A vigorous argument that torture, apart from being objectionable on moral grounds, does not yield useful intelligence results, was made in a letter from intelligence and military professionals submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee on 26 September 2006. Available at: http://www.truthout.org/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/64/22776. 6. President George Bush, Memorandum on 'Humane Treatment of al Qaeda and Taliban Detainees', 7 February 2002. 7. White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 'Fact Sheet: Status of Detainees at Guantanamo', 7 February 2002, p. 1. 8. ISAF was originally established in Afghanistan in January 2002 on the basis of UN Security Council Resolution 1386 of 20 December 2001, passed unanimously. Subsequent resolutions extending and modifying ISAF's mandate, structure and scope of operations are: UNSCR 1413 of 23 May 2002, UNSCR 1444 of 27 November 2002, UNSCR 1510 of 13 October 2003, UNSCR 1563 of 17 September 2004, UNSCR 1623 of 13 September 2005, and UNSCR 1659 of 15 February 2006. NATO has exercised command and control of ISAF since 11 August 2003. 9. Military Technical Agreement between the International Security Assistance Force and the Interim Administration of Afghanistan, 4 January 2002, Article III(1). Text in International Legal Materials , vol. 41, no. 5, September 2002, p. 1032. Text (plus annexes) also available at http://www.operations.mod.uk/isafmta.pdf. 10. The ISAF website is http://www.jfcbs.nato.int/ISAF/index.htm. 11. The CFCA website is http://www.cfc-a.centcom.mil. 12. 'Arrangement for the Transfer of Detainees between the Canadian Forces and the Ministry of Defence of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan', Kabul, 18 December 2005, available at http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/operations/archer/agreement_e.asp. 13. 'Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Defense of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Minister of Defense of the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning the transfer of persons by Netherlands military forces in Afghanistan to Afghan authorities, 'concluded in late 2005, available at http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement,2006/02/kamerbrief_afghanistan_overzicht_van_bijdragenx_eu_inzet_volgens_razeb_en_verslag_van_de_londen_conferentie___bijlage_3.html. 14. Paragraph 1 of 'Standard Operating Procedures: Detention of Non-ISAF Personnel', SOP 362, Headquarters, ISAF, Kabul, 2nd ed., 23 May 2006. Copy on file with author. Additional informationNotes on contributorsAdam RobertsAdam Roberts is Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford University and a Fellow of Balliol College. His books include (as joint author) Terrorism and International Order (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul for Chatham House, 1986).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it