Soil development rates from an optically stimulated luminescence-dated beach ridge sequence in Northern Jutland, Denmark
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rates of podzolic soil development in sandy, temperate soils were quantified based on 14 soil pedons with five substrata from a beach ridge chronosequence near Jerup, Northern Denmark (57°N). Soil pH, organic carbon (C) as well as extractable iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) were measured. The age of each pedon and soil stratum was measured by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and used to estimate soil development rates. Soils were divided into five groups from Typic Haplorthods and Entic Alorthods with a mean OSL age of 2965 ± 294 yr to Typic Quartzipsamments with a mean OSL age of 22 ± 11 yr. Acidification rates during the first 200 yr were ~1.9 pH units per 100 yr in the A horizons and C-sequestration rates were ~25 g C m-2 yr-1 (excluding litter accumulation). After ~1500 yr, the mineral soil C stocks stabilised around 13.0 ± 2.0 kg C m-2. Translocation rates of Al into B horizons were ~0.3 kg Al m-2 per 1000 yr, while translocation rates for Fe were scattered. Our study illustrates the potential of OSL dating in chronosequence studies to quantify soil development rates.Key words: Soil development rates, chronosequence, OSL-dating, C-sequestration rates and translocation rates
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".