Neuropathy Due to Amiodarone: Schwann Cells Are the Target (P06.138)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the pathophysiology of amiodarone-induced peripheral neuropathy both in vivo and in vitro. Background Amiodarone has been long known to cause peripheral neuropathy, but the mechanism of action is uncertain. Design/Methods: We performed mouse dorsal root ganglia neuronal and Schwann cell cultures exposed to a dose range of amiodarone or placebo. We examined cellular viability, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial function in vitro. Complementary in vivo studies with either systemic (intraperitoneal), intrathecal or near-nerve amiodarone or placebo delivery were performed in mice. Electrophysiological, structural and molecular studies were performed for dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves after 3 months of exposure to amiodarone or placebo. Results: There was no impact upon in vitro neurons with exposure to amiodarone. However, amiodarone was associated with a dose-related loss of Schwann cells in vitro, poor outcomes of myelination, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vivo, amiodarone had mild impact when delivered intrathecally or systemically, but led to marked localized changes in nerve structure when delivered locally at the sciatic nerve. Local amiodarone produced slowing of nerve conduction velocities, loss of motor and sensory nerve potential amplitudes, and led to extensive myelin thinning and loss of large nerve fibers. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction were detected in the local sciatic nerve with amiodarone delivery. Conclusions: Amiodarone appears to have a direct impact upon Schwann cells and their myelination function rather than any direct effect upon neuronal cells. Amiodarone–induced experimental peripheral neuropathy is a pure demyelinating neuropathy with direct effects upon Schwann cell well being. Supported by: Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. Disclosure: Dr. Hohol has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jawad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ayer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Toth has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer and Eli Lilly & Company as a speaker. Dr. Toth has received research support from Pfizer Inc, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International and Eli Lilly & Company.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".