Polyvinylidene fluoride/poly(ethylene terephthalate) conductive composites for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates: Crystallization, structure, and through‐plane electrical resistivity
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PVDF/PET)‐based composites for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates (BPs) were prepared at different crystallization temperatures and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and resistivity setup. Composite conductivity was made possible by using a mixture of carbon black (CB) and graphite (GR). To improve composite processability, its viscosity was reduced by adding a small amount of cyclic butylene terephthalate (c‐BT) oligomer and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer. In the PVDF/PET‐based composite, it was found that PVDF phase could crystallize easily but PET crystallization was difficult. Because of the CB/GR additives, the formed crystals in PVDF/PET phases had a poor perfection degree and showed a lower melting temperature when compared with pure PVDF and PET. It was observed that PET nucleation was accelerated but not that of PVDF. According to through‐plane resistivity results, composite crystallization temperature range was divided into two parts (below/above 170°C), in which a different variation behavior of through‐plane resistivity was observed. It has been proved that the resistivity was mainly governed by the network of CB/GR developed inside the PET phase, and decreasing the crystallinity of PET led to a decrease of through‐plane resistivity, which is desirable for BPs. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it