Survival of Arctic cod larvae (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) in relation to sea ice and temperature in the Northeast Water Polynya (Greenland Sea)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the survival of Arctic cod larvae (Boreogadus saida) is limited at sea ice cover >50% and sea surface temperature (SST) <0 °C. In 1993 in the Northeast Water Polynya, a spring cohort (14 May 15 June) was hatched under heavy ice cover (58%91%) and cold SST (1.7 to 1.0 °C) and a summer cohort (21 June 21 July) under low ice cover (4%31%) and above-zero SST (1.5 to 3.9 °C). Consistent with the hypothesis, the spring cohort had almost completely vanished by age 10 days (first feeding stage), while the summer cohort survived well and dominated the population by the end of our sampling in early August. By then, the few surviving spring larvae were on average 5.7 mm longer than summer larvae (18.6 vs. 12.9 mm). A retrospective analysis of ice cover in the polynya (1979 to 2003) indicated that first-feeding larvae of the spring cohort encountered good survival conditions (sea ice <50% and SST >0 °C) in only 12% of the years compared with 80% for the summer cohort. The survival advantage provided by a larger size at the onset of Arctic winter could explain the evolutionary persistence of a spring cohort despite the low probability of initial survival.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".