Past, Present, and Future of Quantified Peritoneal Dialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality in renal replacement therapy has been well established. In this article we review various aspects in the evolution of PD, with special emphasis on adequacy. Until the late 1950s PD was still considered as a last resort in the treatment of terminal uremia. The introduction of a chronic indwelling catheter made chronic PD possible. The concept of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), proposed in 1975, had a major impact on the way PD was performed later. The value of determining the adequacy, using urea clearance normalized to total body water (Kt/V) or creatinine clearance normalized to body surface area, was clearly highlighted by the Canada-USA (CANUSA) study. Introduction of standardized peritoneal equilibration tests has been very helpful in enhancing the efficiency of PD. In 1995 the National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiatives (NKF-DOQI) established guidelines to improve patient survival and outcome on dialysis. These guidelines established minimum criteria for PD adequacy. Compliance and malnutrition remain important factors determining the efficacy of PD. The "healthy start" concept emphasizes an early start of dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The quest for an ideal PD modality has recently led to renewed interest in the idea of continuous flow peritoneal dialysis (CFPD). PD continues to grow and at the same time faces many challenges. Its role as a renal replacement therapy is likely to evolve further in the years to come.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".