Intense picosecond THz pulses alter gene expression in human skin tissue<i>in vivo</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulsed terahertz (THz) imaging has been suggested as a novel high resolution, noninvasive medical diagnostic tool. However, little is known about the influence of pulsed THz radiation on human tissue, i.e., its genotoxicity and effects on cell activity and cell integrity. We have carried out a comprehensive investigation of the biological effects of THz radiation on human skin tissue using a high power THz pulse source and an <i>in vivo</i> full-thickness human skin tissue model. We have observed that exposure to intense THz pulses causes DNA damage and changes in the global gene expression profile in the exposed skin tissue. Several of the affected genes are known to play major roles in human cancer. While the changes in the expression levels of some of them suggest possible oncogenic effects of pulsed THz radiation, changes in the expression of the other cancer-related genes might have a protective influence. This study may serve as a roadmap for future investigations aimed at elucidating the exact roles that all the affected genes play in skin carcinogenesis and in response to pulsed THz radiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".