Exploring parent and youth perspectives of the influence of concussion on school, sport and life: a qualitative study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the perceived impact of sports-related concussion by youth and their parents on home, school and sport functioning. Design Semi-structured interviews were used to assess perceived changes in general academic ability, attention, learning difficulties, social performance, behaviour, mood and emotions, executive and physical function. Framework analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data. Setting Participants were purposively recruited from a longitudinal study investigating the cognitive and physical effects of sports-related concussion in children from 2007–2010. Subjects 13 child athletes (11 males and 2 females; average age=11±0.856 years) ages 10–13 years and their parents (13 parents=9 mothers and 4 fathers). Intervention None. Outcome Measures Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework analysis was employed to identify emerging themes. Results The theme ‘a journey of recovery from concussion across time’ was identified and encompassed: initial reaction and recovery, re-integration into sport and school, evolvement of life skills, performance related to school and sports, personality and behaviour changes, and life lessons learned. Conclusions No long term impact of concussion was reported on hockey or school performance, but higher levels of anger and frustration related to performance post-injury were found. Child athletes' comments indicated fear of being hit again when returning to play, and a return to play while symptomatic. This suggests the need for further education around the definition of concussion and recovery, and follow-up support during return to play. Acknowledgements Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation. Competing interests None.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".