Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanopowders
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron-doped TiO2 nanopowders with different doping amounts have been prepared by co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment. The obtained materials were structurally, morphologically and analytically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) coupled to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed the major presence of the anatasa crystalline phase for iron-doped and undoped TiO2. SEM confirmed particles sizes among the nanometer scale along with XRD data. The presence of iron ions was validated by EDX-SEM. Diffuse reflectance techniques were carried out to validate the shift of the band edge absorption spectrum of doped TiO2 nanoparticles towards the visible region and to confirm the presence of iron atoms in the TiO2 crystal lattice by the resulting variation of the band gap value of the doped materials. Photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles under UV and visible radiation was evaluated by means of hydroxyl radicals production through indirect estimation using N,N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline (PNDA)photo-discoloration experiments in aqueous dispersion. Samples containing 1.2 and 5.6 weight % Fe exhibited the highest activities in this study for both conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it