Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): a probable complex of cryptic species that forms an important biological control agent of agromyzid leaf miners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diglyphus isaea (Walker 1838) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a primary parasitoid of agromyzid leaf miners (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and has been commercialized as a biological control agent. Diglyphus isaea occurs throughout much of the world and different populations are morphologically identical. Using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, we examined variation among Chinese populations of D. isaea. Phylogenetic analyses combined with an analysis of sympatry indicated that D. isaea consists of at least four species in mainland China. The results imply that ITS1 is an efficient marker for identifying congeneric species of parasitic waSPS, and that cryptic species could be common in temperate and subtropical regions. Zusammenfassung Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838) ist ein primarer Parasitoid von blattminierenden Agromyziden (Diptera) und wird zu ihrer biologischen Kontrolle vermarktet. Die in weiten Teilen der Welt vorkommenden verschiedenen Populationen sind morphologisch identisch. Untersucht wurden Unterschiede in den nuklearen ribosomalen ITS1-Sequenzen zwischen chinesischen Populationen. Ergebnisse der phylogenetischen Analysen, kombiniert mit einer Sympatrie-Analyse, zeigen, dass D. isaea auf dem chinesischen Kontinent aus mindestens vier Arten besteht. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass ITS1 ein effizienter Marker zur Identifizierung congenerischer Arten parasitischer Wespen ist und dass kryptische Arten in gemasigten und subtropischen Regionen verbreitet sein konnen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".