A single point NMR method for an instantaneous determination of the moisture content of wood
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables an instantaneous determination of the proton density in liquids and is thus convenient for determining the moisture content (MC) of wood. We demonstrated that the MC of a wood sample can be determined instantaneously on the basis of its mass ( m ) and the amplitude of its NMR free-induction-decay (FID) signal. The measurement is based on the assumption that the only liquid in the wood is water and that the relationship between the amplitude of the FID signal ( S ) and the mass of the water ( m w ) in the sample is linear, i.e., S = k m w + k′ ( m - m w ), and can be precisely calibrated for a given NMR probe and NMR spectrometer setup (in our case k =10 5 AU g -1 and k / k′ = 34). With the FID signal converted into the mass of water, the MC is calculated as: MC =( S - m k′ )/( m k - S ). After the initial calibration of the FID signal with respect to the content of water, the correctness of the method was verified on samples of different wood species with various MCs. The results confirmed that the proposed method is comparable in terms of accuracy and reliability to the gravimetric method, regardless of the species of wood. As the method is instantaneous, it might become the method of choice in applications where a short measurement time combined with a high accuracy is demanded.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it