Geographic Patterns of RAPD Variation in Cultivated Flax
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geographic studies of plant molecular diversity can provide insights into plant domestication and enhance plant germplasm management and utilization, but such studies are lacking in cultivated flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). The objective of this study was to assess the geographic patterns of flax variability in a world collection of cultivated flax by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Sixteen RAPD primers were applied to screen 2727 flax accessions representing 63 countries and one group of unknown origin, and 149 RAPD bands were scored for each accession. Analyses of the RAPD data revealed a wide range of occurrence frequencies of polymorphic bands from 0.0004 to 0.9978 with an average of 0.537. The majority (84.2%) of the RAPD variation resided within accessions of each country and only 15.8% of the variation was present among accessions of different countries. Grouping the accessions into 12 major regions explained 8.2% of the RAPD variation. Accessions from the East Asia and European regions were most diverse, but accessions from the regions of Indian Subcontinent and Africa were most distinct. Accessions from the West Asia region were genetically more related to those from the Africa region and less to those from the Indian Subcontinent region. These findings are significant for understanding flax domestication and also are useful in classifying intraspecific diversity of cultivated flax, establishing a core subset of the flax collection, and exploring new sources of genes for flax improvement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it