Disease stage predicts post-diagnosis anxiety and depression only in some types of cancer
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We hypothesised that patients with advanced disease or a cancer type that has a poor prognosis may be more likely to report anxiety and depressive symptoms after diagnosis; younger age and female gender may moderate these effects. METHODS: Patients (n=3850) were consecutively assessed with PSSCAN, a standardised, validated tool, at two large cancer centres between 2004 and 2009. RESULTS: Female patients reported more anxiety and depressive symptoms (P=0.003 to P<0.001) compared with men and a healthy comparison group. Older age was associated with fewer anxiety (P=0.033 to P<0.001) and fewer depressive symptoms (P<0.001), but this was not true for lung cancer. Presence of metastases was associated with more anxiety symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal (P=0.044; R(2)Δ=0.001), lung (P=0.011; R(2)Δ=0.016), and prostate (P=0.032; R(2)Δ=0.008) cancer, but this was not true for breast cancer. Furthermore, early disease stage was associated with fewer depressive symptoms among older prostate cancer patients (P=0.021; R(2)Δ=0.008). Men with early lung cancer reported fewer anxiety (P=0.020; R(2)Δ=0.013) and depressive (P=0.017; R(2)Δ=0.016) symptoms than men with advanced disease or women. CONCLUSION: As hypothesised, disease stage was directly associated with emotional distress, except for patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, age and gender moderated some of these effects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it