<sup>226</sup>Ra determination via the rate of <sup>222</sup>Rn ingrowth with the Radium Delayed Coincidence Counter (RaDeCC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a new method to determine 226 Ra in aqueous environmental samples, based on the rate of ingrowth of 222 Rn from 226 Ra, using the radium delayed coincidence counter (RaDeCC). We use the same instrument setup that is used for the determination of 223 Ra and 224 Ra. In contrast to methods published earlier, the approach does not require a modification of the counting equipment, counting separately for 226 Ra, or waiting for radioactive equilibrium. We show that the calibration works from as low as 10 dpm (0.166 Bq) per sample, up to more than 1000 dpm (16.7 Bq). Although uncertainties are larger (typically around 10%) than reported uncertainties for γ counting, liquid scintillation, or mass spectrometry at comparable activities, the simple setup, low cost, and robustness of the method make it a useful approach for underway measurements, combinations with short‐lived radium isotopes, or monitoring purposes when limited funding or infrastructure is available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".