A Novel Method to Attenuate Protein Adsorption Using Combinations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Grafts and Piezoelectric Actuation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An antifouling treatment based on the combined effects of grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and the application of vibration is reported. A gold-coated lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric composite was grafted with PEG used as a model substrate. The PEG grafted surfaces were thoroughly characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In vitro protein adsorption onto PEG coated surfaces was studied with and without the application of vibration. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto PEG grafted surfaces followed a similar pattern as reported in literature. However, when piezoelectric vibration was applied on the PEG grafted surface, BSA desorption was observed. At very low graft densities, the vibration significantly reduced the BSA adsorption compared with high PEG graft densities. Theoretical calculations showed that the thickness of PEG layer on the surface was affecting vibration induced protein desorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".