Colloidal Chromium-Doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals as Building Blocks for High-<i>T</i><sub>C</sub> Ferromagnetic Transparent Conducting Oxide Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colloidal free-standing Cr 3+ -doped In 2 O 3 nanocrystals were synthesized in oleylamine from indium (III) and chromium (III) acetylacetonate precursors. The nanocrystals were treated with trioctylphosphine oxide to remove surface-bound dopant ions and ensure internal doping. The lattice resolved transmission electron microscopy images reveal that nanocrystals are faceted and highly crystalline, with no evidence of a secondary phase formation. The average doping concentration estimated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at the single nanocrystal level agrees with the average doping concentration from the analogous nanocrystal ensemble measurement. Ligand-field electronic absorption spectroscopy suggests that Cr 3+ dopants are preferentially substituted for In 3+ ions in their trigonally distorted octahedral ( b ) sites in In 2 O 3 nanocrystals. Nanocrystalline films, prepared under mild conditions using colloidal Cr 3+ -doped In 2 O 3 nanocrystals as building blocks, exhibit robust room temperature ferromagnetism. Structural and compositional analyses combined with the ligand-field spectroscopy indicate intrinsic ferromagnetism in this material. The ability to rationally synthesize and manipulate a new form of transition-metal-doped In 2 O 3 nanocrystals opens up new opportunities for spintronics applications and may provide a framework for understanding the origin of ferromagnetism in transparent conducting oxides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".