Partitioning of inhaled ventilation between the nasal and oral routes during sleep in normal subjects
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oral and nasal contributions to inhaled ventilation were simultaneously quantified during sleep in 10 healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) aged 43 +/- 5 yr, with normal nasal resistance (mean 2.0 +/- 0.3 cmH(2)O. l(-1). s(-1)) by use of a divided oral and nasal mask. Minute ventilation awake (5.9 +/- 0.3 l/min) was higher than that during sleep (5.2 +/- 0.3 l/min; P < 0.0001), but there was no significant difference in minute ventilation between different sleep stages (P = 0.44): stage 2 5.3 +/- 0.3, slow-wave 5.2 +/- 0.2, and rapid-eye-movement sleep 5.2 +/- 0.2 l/min. The oral fraction of inhaled ventilation during wakefulness (7.6 +/- 4%) was not significantly different from that during sleep (4.3 +/- 2%; mean difference 3.3%, 95% confidence interval -2.1-8.8%, P = 0.19), and no significant difference (P = 0.14) in oral fraction was observed between different sleep stages: stage two 5.1 +/- 2.8, slow-wave 4.2 +/- 1.8, rapid-eye-movement 3.1 +/- 1.7%. Thus the inhaled oral fraction in normal subjects is small and does not change significantly with sleep stage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it