Surface-modified activated carbon with β-cyclodextrin—Part II. Adsorption properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sorption properties of surface modified activated carbon (AC) with p-nitrophenol (PNP) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution were investigated. The calculated surface areas for AC and surface modified AC were compared using nitrogen sorption and a dye-based method. The surface areas of AC and the surface modified AC with glutaraldehyde (AC-β-CD) (1:10:10⁹) and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (ACPDICD) measured by nitrogen sorption were 1,269 m²/g, 103 m²/g, and 95 m²/g, respectively (Langmuir model) and 956 m²/g, 74 m²/g, and 69 m²/g (BET model), respectively. However, the calculated surface areas for the dye-based method (PNP; pH 6.00) for AC, AC-β-CD(1:10:10⁹), and ACPDICD was 1,035 m²/g, 814 m²/g, and 76 m²/g (Langmuir model), respectively and 1,491 m²/g, 1,669 m²/g, and 92 m²/g (BET model), respectively. The corresponding surface areas for the dye-based method (MB; pH 8.40) for AC-β-CD(1:10:10⁹) and ACPDICD was 263 m²/g and 171 m²/g (Langmuir model), respectively and 1019 m²/g and 182 m²/g (BET model), respectively. The sorption capacity (Q(m)) and binding affinity characteristics [K(F)(L/g), K(L)(g/mol), and K(BET)(L/g)] were estimated at room temperature at equilibrium conditions using several sorption isotherm models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".