Spontaneous Angiographic Conversion of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Shunt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dural arteriovenous shunt (DAVS) is a disease in which abnormal arteriovenous communications develop within the dura. Some case series have suggested DAVS may evolve over time, but the natural history is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to define the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with DAVS showing spontaneous angiographic pattern conversion. METHODS: We assessed clinical and angiographic features of patients with angiographic conversion without any treatment from a single center database consisting of 335 DAVS cases. Spontaneous angiographic conversion was defined as complete occlusion of a pre-existing DAVS or conversion of a benign into an aggressive lesion on follow-up diagnostic subtraction angiography. RESULTS: One hundred twelve patients were followed without treatment after the initial diagnosis of DAVS. Overall, we saw pattern conversion on angiography in 18 of the 112 cases (16.1%). Fourteen patients showed spontaneous occlusion of the shunt (12.5%); the most common locations of spontaneous obliteration were the transverse and cavernous sinuses. Four patients showed conversion to an aggressive lesion from benign DAVS (4.0%); all of these cases were associated with occlusion of the ipsilateral draining vein. CONCLUSIONS: DAVS is a dynamic disorder, which will show chronological progression. Spontaneous angiographic obliteration or conversion into an aggressive type may occur on follow-up of untreated DAVSs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".