An ultrasonographic study of osteoarthritis of the hand: Synovitis and its relationship to structural pathology and symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined hand osteoarthritis (OA) pathology using sensitive imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of ultrasound (US)-detected pathology and investigate its relationship with symptoms in hand OA. METHODS: Subjects with symptomatic hand OA and controls were recruited. All underwent clinical and US examination of the small joints of both hands and completed a range of measures of hand pain, stiffness, and function. RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects with symptomatic OA and 19 control subjects with similar demographics were recruited. US-detected pathology (osteophytes, joint space narrowing, gray-scale synovitis, and power Doppler signal) occurred frequently in symptomatic hand OA (41%, 40%, 46%, and 7% of joints, respectively), and significantly less often in controls (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Symptomatic joints were more likely to demonstrate US-detected changes of gray-scale synovitis, power Doppler signal, or osteophytes (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). Neither the number of affected joints per individual nor the summative semiquantitative scores for synovitis per individual correlated with symptoms (pain visual analog scale [VAS], global VAS, or Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated extensive synovitis changes as well as the traditional structural radiographic findings of hand OA. Symptomatic joints were significantly more likely to demonstrate US-detected structural changes or inflammation in symptomatic hand OA; however, the extent of changes in individual joints or in individuals did not correlate with the degree of symptoms, which may relate to both the assessment tools and the complex nature of pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".