Domain Wall Engineering in Barium Titanate Single Crystals for Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
For the [111] poled barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) single crystals with the engineered domain configuration, it was clearly observed that the piezoelectric properties increased with decreasing domain sizes. To explain the phenomenon, the multidomain single crystals were regarded as the composite of (a) a distorted domain wall region and (b) a normal tetragonal domain region. Using a 2-phases model, the piezoelectric properties from the domain wall were estimated. As a result, ultrahigh piezoelectric constants over 8,000 pC/N were expected from the domain wall region. Moreover, this study suggested that it is possible to obtain the lead-free piezoelectric materials with the d 31 and d 33 over 1,000 pC/N, when the domain sizes can decrease below 1 μ m.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it