Multiple Large-Surface Photodynamic Therapy Sessions with Topical or Systemic Aminolevulinic Acid and Blue Light in UV-Exposed Hairless Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on large skin surfaces has recently been reported for patients with multiple actinic keratoses. OBJECTIVE: The current study compared the ability of topical and systemic ALA-PDT as well as topical ALA-PDT with blue light to delay the appearance of UV-induced skin cancer using the hairless mouse as a model. METHODS: Groups of hairless mice were exposed daily to UV radiation and weekly to ALA-PDT. Tumor-free survival was compared for mice exposed to UV and treated weekly with ALA-PDT and mice exposed only to UV radiation. RESULTS: Weekly topical or systemic ALA-PDT was able to delay the induction of skin tumors. A significant difference in tumor-free survival was also observed for both actinic keratoses and invasive squamous cell carcinoma in mice treated weekly with topical ALA-PDT performed with blue light. This was observed even when weekly ALA-PDT was started after 8 weeks of UV exposure. CONCLUSION: Large-surface topical ALA-PDT with blue light can delay the appearance of UV-induced actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma in hairless mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".