Operation of Long Semitrailers in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The regulation and use of long semitrailers (57 to 60 ft) in the United States are discussed. Industrial information was obtained from interviewing 42 state and federal regulatory and compliance officials, vehicle manufacturers, motor carriers, and shippers. Field data from a June 2002 investigation of long semitrailer use on an Interstate highway section in Texas are presented. No known significant literature exists on the topic under discussion. The research found that long semitrailers operate, either regularly or under permit, in 19 states. They are principally used by a few large private and for-hire carriers, transporting mainly tissue paper, empty cans, hay, cotton, empty storage container drums, household goods, snack foods, and general freight. The extent of their operation is largely unknown or unclear to many of those involved with truck size and weight research and development activities, highway planners and designers, and industry participants. The following are addressed: ( a) issues about long semitrailer operation in the United States and the growth potential of these vehicles relative to the TRB Special Report 267 proposal to allow wide-scale use of six-axle tractor-semitrailers at a gross vehicle weight of 90,000 Ib; ( b) background on using long semitrailers; ( c) operational issues associated with long semitrailers; ( d) typical dimensional characteristics and cubic payloads of long semitrailers compared with standard semitrailers; ( e) field data on the use of long semitrailers in Texas; and ( f) regulations, permit requirements, and allowable geographic scope of operation for long semitrailers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".