Equatorward moving auroral signatures of a flow burst observed prior to auroral onset
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present observations of a substorm that occurred on February 25, 2008. Auroral onset was observed with a multi‐spectral (λ = 427.8, 557.7 and 630.0 nm) and white light all sky imager at Gillam, Canada. An equatorward moving diffuse auroral patch was observed in the λ = 630.0 nm images at least six minutes prior to auroral onset. This form emerged from the background noise poleward of the eventual onset arc and intensified as it moved equatorward. Auroral expansion onset occurred when this form reached the onset arc location. Flows were detected by THEMIS probes P3 (TH‐D) and P4 (TH‐E) near X ∼ −11 RE nearly 90 seconds prior to auroral expansion. A small discrete arc was observed in the λ = 557.7 nm images at the westward and equatorward edge of the diffuse 630.0 nm patch nearly 2 minutes prior to expansion onset, suggesting a field‐aligned current of a substorm current wedge geometry. We conclude that the equatorward moving λ = 630.0 nm diffuse auroral patch was generated by processes associated with an earthward moving flow burst that formed prior to auroral substorm onset.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".