Electoral boundary redistribution by independent commission in New Brunswick, 1990–94
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Elections do not just happen, nor do they consist solely of competitive campaigns and voting. Rather, they depend heavily on administrative structures of which the independent electoral boundaries commission has emerged as the main mechanism for delineating the electorate into areal units for choosing representatives. As such, these commissions are a cornerstone of representative democracy as practised in Canada today, yet there is a dearth of knowledge as to how they fulfil their role. Although the province of New Brunswick was late to join the electoral boundary revolution, its redistribution exercise of the early 1990s allows the opportunity to describe and assess the structure, operations and performance of the contemporary boundaries commission. The most immediate result for New Brunswick was the sharp curtailing of gerrymandering practices; in addition, spurred on by the egalitarian thrust of the Charter, the province's gross constituency disparities were replaced by one of the most egalitarian electoral maps in the country. Yet from the perspective of democratic process values including openness, participation and fairness, the New Brunswick Boundaries Commission fell short of its potential. Sommaire: Les élections n'ont pas lieu spontanément et elles ne se réduisent pas à des campagnes compétitives et au simple fait de voter; elles sont en réalité fortement tributaires de structures administratives, y compris la commission indépendante des limites électorales, qui est le principal mécanisme permettant de déouper l'ensemble des électeurs en unités choisissant des représentants. Ces commissions sont donc la pierre angulaire de la démocratic représentative pratiquée au Canada aujourd'hui, mais nous savons peu de chose sur la manière dont elles s'acquittent de leurs tâches. La province du Nouveau‐Brunswick ne s'est jointe que tardivement à la révolution des limites électorales, mais son effort de redistribution au début des années 1990 permet de décrire et d'évaluer la structure, les opérations et le rendement de la commission des limites contemporaine. Le résultat le plus immédiat, pour le Nouveau‐Brunswick, a été l'endiguement prononcé des pratiques manipulatrices; par ailleurs, sous l'influence égalitaire de la Charte, les fortes disparités des circonscriptions de la province ont été remplacées par l'une des cartes électorales les plus égalitaires du pays. Pourtant, du point de vue des valeurs démocratiques que sont l'esprit d'ouverture, la participation et l'équité, la Commission des limites électorales du Nouveau‐Brunswick n'a pas réalisé tout son potentiel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".