Saving the Pound or Voting for Europe? Expectations for Referendums on the Constitution and the Euro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tony Blair's U‐turn in April 2004 on the issue of holding a referendum on the new EU constitution means that British voters can anticipate the prospect of at least two future referendums on major European issues – the vote on the constitution taking its place in the electoral queue with the long promised referendum on the Euro.1 1. The constitution was signed by all 25 heads of government in Rome on 29 October 2004. The text of the document may be found at http://europa.eu.int/constitution/constitution_en.htm. Together with Britain, at least eight other EU member countries, including Spain, France and The Netherlands, will also hold (or have already held) referendums on the new constitution.2 2. The Spanish referendum took place on 20 February 2005. The vote was 77% YES, 17% NO. Six percent of the ballots were blank or spoiled. Turnout was 42%. Thus, the two future British referendums, along with a number of similar votes in other countries, will provide students of electoral behavior with unparalleled new opportunities to assess the role which referendums are increasingly coming to play in modern democratic political life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".