Hybrid Feedforward and Feedback Control of Steam Temperature in a Once-Through Direct Cycle Canadian SCWR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR) is the only water cooled reactor proposed for Generation IV potential nuclear reactors. Canadian SCWR is a pressure-tube type SCWR under development in Canada. A linearized dynamic model of the Canadian SCWR is developed based on the lumped-parameter method to investigate its dynamic characteristics. Through dynamic analysis, the Canadian SCWR can be modelled as a three-input and three-output system with high power-to-flow ratio and strong cross-coupling. Among the three outputs, the dynamics of the steam temperature are the most complex and vulnerable to disturbances, especially those from the reactor power. It is difficult and challenging to control the steam temperature. In this paper, a hybrid feedforward and feedback control strategy is adopted for control system design of the steam temperature. Feedforward control can reduce the effect of the measured disturbance on the steam temperature. It starts to act before the disturbance actually affects the steam temperature. Feedback control is used to track the setpoint change and suppress unmeasured disturbances. The uncompensated effects from the feedforward control can also be eliminated by the feedback control. Combined feedforward and feedback control scheme can significantly improve performance. The feedforward controller and feedback controller are designed based on the linearized dynamic model. The control performance is verified using nonlinear dynamic model. Through simulation, the steam temperature variation using designed control system satisfies its limit to a typical load pattern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".