Seasonal variations in tissue metabolic capacities of yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) from clean and metal-contaminated environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined seasonal variations in tissue metal contamination and physiological condition of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a clean lake (Halfway Lake) and a metal-contaminated environment (Whitson Lake) in spring, summer, and fall of 1999. Dietary metal content influenced liver metal concentrations, especially for cadmium. Fulton's condition factor (FCF), an indicator of recent feeding activity, was lower in Whitson fish except in summer, when higher FCF values corresponded with higher liver copper concentrations, presumably because of higher feeding rate. Tissue protein concentrations and indicators of biosynthetic capacities (nucleoside diphosphate kinase and RNA/DNA ratios) suggested lower biosynthesis in Whitson fish. Muscle aerobic and anaerobic capacities (using citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase as indicators, respectively) were consistently lower in Whitson fish, with maximal differences in summer. In contrast, although liver aerobic capacities were generally comparable among populations, anaerobic capacities were much higher in Whitson fish. Finally, gill sodium/potassium adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+/K+ATPase) activity peaked in the spring in fish from both lakes, and higher activities were correlated with elevated gill copper concentrations. This study highlights the importance of seasonal variations in tissue metal concentrations and fish condition. This information is essential to evaluate the extent of impairment in condition faced by metal-contaminated wild fish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".