Discovery of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>34</mml:mn><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>Cl</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>35</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>Ar</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>resonances activated at classical nova temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The thermonuclear ${}^{34g,m}\mathrm{Cl}{(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})}^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$ reaction rates are unknown due to a lack of experimental nuclear physics data. Uncertainties in these rates translate to uncertainties in $^{34}\mathrm{S}$ production in models of classical novae on oxygen-neon white dwarfs. $^{34}\mathrm{S}$ abundances have the potential to aid in the classification of presolar grains.Purpose: Determine resonance energies for the ${}^{34g,m}\mathrm{Cl}{(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})}^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$ reactions within the region of astrophysical interest for classical novae to a precision of a few keV as an essential first step toward constraining their thermonuclear reaction rates.Method: $^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$ excited states were populated by the ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}{(d,t)}^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$ reaction at $E(d)=22\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$ and reaction products were momentum analyzed by a high resolution quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole (Q3D) magnetic spectrograph.Results: Seventeen new $^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$ levels have been detected at a statistically significant level in the region ${E}_{x}\ensuremath{\approx}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}5.9--6.7\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$ $({E}_{r}<800\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV})$ and their excitation energies have been determined to typical uncertainties of 3 keV. The uncertainties for five previously known levels have also been reduced substantially. The measured level density was compared to those calculated using the WBMB Hamiltonian within the $sd\text{\ensuremath{-}}pf$ model space.Conclusions: Most of the resonances in the region of astrophysical interest have likely been discovered and their energies have been determined, but the resonance strengths are still unknown, and experimentally constraining the ${}^{34g,m}\mathrm{Cl}{(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})}^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$ reaction rates will require further experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.024 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".