Insecticidal control of late-season plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) infestations in Manitoba has no effect on alfalfa seed quantity and quality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Manitoba, plant bugs (Lygus spp. and Adelphocoris spp.) can be numerous in seed alfalfa crops in late August and September and are often the target of insecticide applications. From 2002 to 2004 in field plots in commercial fields, one or two insecticide applications in late August and September were made to reduce plant bug numbers relative to those in untreated check plots. Despite significant reductions in plant bug numbers in sweep net samples in sprayed plots, there were no significant effects of treatments on total seed yield per unit area, seed weight, percentage germination or percentage of hard seed. Relative to the check plots, reductions in plant bug numbers in insecticide-treated plots were not associated with increases in seed yield. Also, seed yield increases in insecticide-treated plots were not correlated with numbers of plant bugs immediately before insecticide application, and so it was not possible to estimate an economic injury level. The practice of applying an insecticide in August to control late-season plant bugs is economically unjustified within the range of plant bug numbers encountered in this study. Key words: Plant bugs, alfalfa seed, Lygus, Adelphocoris, economic impact
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".