Regional Simulations of the Well-related Migration Risk at Weyburn, the World’s Largest CO2 Project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project is an industrial-scale geological storage project associated with enhanced oil recovery at the Weyburn oil field, Saskatchewan, Canada. To date, over 17 Mt of CO2 has been stored at 1.4 km depth. The storage site and four overlying aquitards are penetrated by a large number of oil wells. The Weyburn region has more than 4,000 wells within a risk assessment area of 2,000 km2. This well density is typical of prospective CCUS storage areas in the USA and Canada. The average well separation is 275 meters, with about 5% of the population less than 20 meters apart. These wells are considered to have an elevated risk potential for leakage pathways above the storage site. The high well density and regional scale presents a major challenge for flow modeling. We use a hydrodynamic invasion percolation approach, assuming capillary limit conditions, to simulate CO2 migration throughout the region at a high resolution. The resolution is sufficient to identify wells that lie along migration pathways and trap structures where leakage may occur. This indicates a subset of 62 wells within the regional population of 4012 wells that are marked for further risk assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".