Genomic characterisation of the ichthyotoxic prymnesiophyte<i>Chrysochromulina polylepis,</i>and the expression of polyketide synthase genes in synchronized cultures
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The widely distributed prymnesiophyte species Chrysochromulina polylepis is prominent and well known for occasional formation of ichthyotoxic blooms. The chemical structure of the C. polylepis toxin(s) has not yet been elucidated, but the associated haemolytic activity, potent membrane disruption interactions and toxicity to finfish and protists have led to the suggestion that they may be similar to the prymnesins of Prymnesium parvum. Such polyether toxins are presumably formed partially or completely via polyketide biosynthetic pathways. In this genetic study of C. polylepis, we generated and analysed a genomic DNA and a normalized cDNA library. We estimated a genome size of approximately 230 mbp based upon analysis of >1000 genomic library clones. Of the cDNA library, 3839 clones were partially sequenced and annotated, representing approximately 2900 unique contigs. We detected several genes putatively related to toxin synthesis. Thirteen putative polyketide synthase (PKS)-related gene sequences were identified and phylogenetic analysis identified two of these as containing ketoacyl domains of the modular type I PKS. Semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to follow the expression of PKS genes over the light/dark cycle of synchronized C. polylepis cultures. This is the first study showing the expression of PKS genes in marine microalgae, in this case in the toxigenic C. polylepis. © 2010 British Phycological Society.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it