Body Size, Age, and Disease Influence Female Reproductive Performance in <I>Choristoneura conflictana</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We determined the effect of body size and adult female longevity on the realized fecundity and fertility of the large aspen tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an outbreaking forest lepidopteran. We examined these relationships from an ecological perspective and included the impact of age at pairing and infection with a microsporidian pathogen in our analyses. The relationship between body size, as measured by pupal weight and forewing length and area, and realized fecundity and fertility was best for healthy females that were paired immediately after eclosion. A delay in age of pairing or sublethal pathogen infection eroded these relationships. A delay in age of pairing resulted in a lower percentage of females that produced fertile eggs and a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid. Although sublethal pathogen infection indirectly disrupted the body size-realized fecundity and fertility relationship, infection did not directly decrease egg production. Wing area was the best predictor of total and fertile egg production. The relationship between pupal weight and wing area was correlated, but females eclosing from small pupae had proportionately larger wings than females from large pupae, which may indicate a cost of large body mass in this actively dispersing species. Longevity of females did not predict the total or fertile number of eggs laid by females. There was no consistent relationship between pairing treatment and longevity of female moths, suggesting that there is no trade-off between longevity and reproductive fitness in this species. Sublethal pathogen infection significantly decreased female moth longevity, but this decrease was not reflected in reduced fecundity of infected females. Our data illustrate that although body size is an important determinant of realized fecundity and fertility in C. conflictana, these relationships are mediated by several factors that may vary greatly under field conditions and at varying population densities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".