Dipicolinate Sensitization of Europium Luminescence in Dispersible 5%Eu:LaF<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An earlier synthetic procedure was adapted to produce water-dispersible, citrate-stabilized LaF 3 nanoparticles of 3−4 nm diameter, which exhibit a high degree of crystallinity (tysonite structure). The samples, as isolated from synthesis, consist of nanoparticles with a monolayer coverage of citrate capping ligands (with no excess, unbound citrate) and ammonium ions which balance charge. In aqueous dispersions, dipicolinate (DPA) displaces citrate on the surface of 5%Eu-doped LaF 3 nanoparticles and strongly sensitizes Eu 3+ ( 5 D 0 ) emission. At low concentrations, the DPA does not adversely affect the dispersibility or the structural integrity of the nanoparticles and binds to the particle surface, selectively sensitizing Eu 3+ surface and near-surface sites. The DPA, therefore, serves both as a sensitizer of Eu 3+ luminescence and as a selective probe of the surface. The dipicolinate strongly sensitizes Eu 3+ ( 5 D 0 ) emission, increasing the 614 nm emission intensity by a factor of 100 with less than 1% citrate replacement. Addition of an LaF 3 shell (thickness ≈ 4 Å) over the 5%Eu:LaF 3 core (3−4 nm) results in dispersible nanoparticles which exhibit 4-fold reduction in dipicolinate sensitization. The DPA probe gives strong evidence that a true core−shell structure is formed and that DPA sensitization can penetrate to near-surface sites to which the DPA is not directly bound.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it