Utilization of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Pruning Residues as Raw Material for MDF Manufacturing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fiber of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) pruning residues are a potential source for the production Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF). Dry process was employed to produce MDF in pilot plant scale using three categories of manufacturing parameters, i.e., two resin types, two resin content levels and three pressing times. Due to the availability of the materials in the pilot plant, Date palm and also soft wood fibers (Pinus silvestries L.) as reference were used for the MDF production under the same parameters. Three boards were manufactured with combination of variables, and samples of all boards were tested according to the methods of European (EU) standard. As main technological properties modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength (IB), and formaldehyde emission were determined. Also, samples of each board were tested for thickness swelling and water absorption after soaking in water for 2 h and 24 h respectively. In addition all the mechanical and physical properties of boards were derived from analysis procedures. The results of this study showed that boards made of Date Palm pruning residues fibers featured better properties than the MDF property requirements which was recommended by ASTM and EN standards particularly inspect of mechanical properties. In addition, the formaldehyde (HCHO) emission of the panels featured that almost all the boards met the minimum requirement according to EN 120 especially for the panel bonded with MUF resin. Therefore, Date palm could be proposed as an alternative material for the manufacture of MDF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".