Quantifying Effectiveness of Cathodic Protection in Water Mains: Theory
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cathodic protection is a viable measure to extend the residual life of water mains and thus defer capital investments in their rehabilitation and renewal. The effectiveness of cathodic protection varies with the unique set of conditions under which it is applied, and it is difficult to confirm or validate whether its application can be considered successful. Therefore, the reported success histories have been largely anecdotal and most often based on the reduction of water main breaks using cathodic protection. This paper describes methodologies and associated models to quantify and assess the performance of cathodic protection programs implemented by water utilities. The effectiveness of cathodic protection programs applied under various conditions can be determined and weighed against their costs in order to maximize the benefit from their implementation. These proposed methodologies and models should assist water utilities to optimize the implementation and scheduling of future cathodic protection programs. A companion paper, “Quantifying Effectiveness of Cathodic Protection in Water Mains: Case Studies,” describes the application of proposed models to assess the impact of cathodic protection programs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it