Simulation of autothermal reforming in a staged‐separation membrane reactor for pure hydrogen production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Steam methane reforming with oxygen input is simulated in staged‐separation membrane reactors. The configuration retains the advantage of regular membrane reactors for achieving super‐equilibrium conversion, but reaction and membrane separation are carried out in two separate units. Equilibrium is assumed in the models given the excess of catalyst. The optimal pure hydrogen yield is obtained with 55% of the total membrane area allocated to the first of two modules. The performance of the process with pure oxygen input is only marginally better than with air. Oxygen must be added in split mode to reach autothermal operation for both reformer modules, and the oxygen input to each module depends on the process conditions. The effects of temperature, steam‐to‐carbon ratio and pressure of the reformer and the area of the membrane modules are investigated for various conditions. Compared with a traditional reformer with an ex situ membrane purifier downstream, the staged reactor is capable of much better pure hydrogen yield for the same autothermal reforming operating conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".