Dexamethasone plus glucagon‐like peptide 2 given to lactating rat dams has a late effect on intestinal lipid uptake in the weanling offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has a trophic effect on the intestine and enhances intestinal absorption in adult animals, but its effect in young rats is unknown. Glucocorticosteroids accelerate the ontogeny of the intestine, and in adult animals they increase the uptake of sugars and lipids. We hypothesized that GLP-2 and dexamethasone (DEX), when administrated to lactating rat dams, will enhance lipid uptake in the suckling and weanling offspring. METHODS: Eight nursing rats were treated during lactation, 19 to 21 days, with GLP-2 (0.1 microg/g/d subcutaneously [s.c.]), DEX (0.128 microg/g/d s.c.), GLP-2 + DEX (GLP-2 0.1 microg/g/d s.c. plus DEX 0.128 microg/g/d s.c.), or placebo. Half of the offspring ("sucklings") were killed at 19 to 21 days of age, and half were killed 4 weeks later ("weanlings"). The rate of intestinal uptake of fatty acids (12:0, lauric; 16:0, palmitic; 18:0, stearic; 18:1, oleic; 18:2, linoleic; and 18:3, linolenic) and cholesterol were assessed using an in vitro ring technique. RESULTS: GLP-2 and DEX resulted in loss of body weight in sucklings, which was prevented by giving the combination GLP-2 + DEX. The jejunal atrophy in sucklings given DEX was prevented by giving GLP-2 + DEX, but GLP-2 + DEX did not prevent the decline in jejunal and ileal villous height and crypt depth observed in weanlings given DEX. GLP-2 had little effect on lipid uptake in sucklings, whereas DEX or GLP-2 + DEX increased the uptake of lipids. In contrast, in weanlings there was malabsorption of several lipids with GLP-2 or GLP-2 + DEX, but not with DEX. Lipid uptake was lower in weanlings than in sucklings, and this age-associated decline was not altered by GLP-2 or DEX. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of body weight and the jejunal atrophy induced by DEX in sucklings is prevented by adding GLP-2. Giving DEX or GLP-2 + DEX to lactating mothers enhances lipid uptake in their suckling offspring. In marked contrast, a month after lactating dams were given GLP-2 or GLP-2 + DEX, there was reduced lipid absorption in the postweaning animals. Thus, giving GLP-2 + DEX during lactation may be useful to enhance lipid uptake in the suckling offspring, without adverse effects on body weight or intestinal characteristics. However, the late effects of this treatment on lipid absorption were of concern, and could be potentially deleterious to the nutritional well-being of the animal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".