Measuring Soil Hydraulic Properties Using a Cased Borehole Permeameter: Steady Flow Analyses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New, constant‐head permeameter analyses for steady flow in cased boreholes were developed for in situ measurement of field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K fs ) and matric flux potential (ϕ m ) in the vadose zone. The K fs and ϕ m parameters can be determined using calculations based on multiple ponded heads, dual heads, or a single head. The accuracy of the analyses was assessed using HYDRUS‐2D simulations of steady borehole discharge ( Q t ) vs. ponded head ( H ) for specified K fs , ϕ m , soil capillarity (α* = K fs /ϕ m ), and length ( L ) and radius ( a ) of the borehole screen. The multiple‐head and dual‐head calculations provided accurate K fs determinations (≤26% error) for the full range of tested capillarity (0.1 ≤ α* ≤ 14.45 m −1 ), screen radius ( a = 3–7.5 cm), screen length ( L = 0–45 cm), and head ( H = 3–200 cm). The multiple‐head and dual‐head calculations of ϕ m were similarly accurate (≤25% error) for high‐capillarity soils (α* ≤ 1 m −1 ), and for L / a ≤ 1 in moderate‐ to negligible‐capillarity soils (α* ≥ 9 m −1 ). The ϕ m calculations were not accurate, however, in moderate‐ to negligible‐capillarity soils with L / a > 1. The single‐head calculation with α* estimated using soil texture and structure categories was accurate only for K fs determination (≤23% error) in soils with moderate to negligible capillarity. For ϕ m determination, and for K fs determination in high‐capillarity soils, the single‐head calculation requires accurately known α* values. The analyses appear promising for K fs and ϕ m determination in the vadose zone, and further development and testing are ongoing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".