Anaerobic co‐digestion of dairy cattle slurry and agro‐industrial fats: Effect of fat ratio on the digester efficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The objective of the study was to optimize the co‐digestion of cattle slurry in the presence of fats from the food industry. A laboratory pilot plant operating continuously was used for the experimental study. Tests were carried out with only cattle slurry and with different fat ratio (0, 10, 25, 45 and 60 % w/w of the feed COD as fats). In the case of using cattle slurry feed and OLR from 0.4 and 3.0 kg VS · m −3 · day −1 (HRT between 125 days and 19 days), methane productivity versus OLR exhibit a linear relation reflecting optimum biodegradability of the organic matter. For OLR above 3 kg VS · m −3 · day −1 (HRT less than 19 days), a break in the slope is observed expressing a decrease of the organic matter degradation rate. For HRT equal to 30 days, the results show that fat incorporation ratio lower than 25 % w/w does not affect the digester operation while maintaining acceptable biodegradability of the fat. In contrast, with a fat ratio of 60 % w/w , the system became unstable and a significant decrease in the methane productivity was observed, due to an accumulation of undegraded Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFA). The conclusion is that the fat ratio must be controlled to avoid the destabilization of digestion, and finally operational conditions are proposed for co‐digestion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".