An androgen-independent androgen receptor function protects from inositol hexakisphosphate toxicity in the PC3/PC3(AR) prostate cancer cell lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is a phytochemical exhibiting anticancer activity. Because few prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines have been used to study IP6, we assessed its efficacy in a panel of PCa cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using WST-1 assays we observed that, although androgens did not modulate its efficacy, IP6 was more active in androgen receptor (AR) negative cells than in AR-positive cells. Stable expression of the AR in PC3 cells (PC3(AR)) decreased the response to IP6, which was reversed by an AR-targeting siRNA. Furthermore, AR expression in PC3 cells resulted in significantly reduced caspase-3 activation (P < 0.001) and DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05) in response to IP6. Similarly, although treatment with IP6 caused the upregulation of NF-kappaB-responsive (IkappaB-alpha, IRF-2) and p53/E2F-responsive genes (Puma, Noxa) in PC3 cells, this increase was reduced in PC3AR cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that resistance to IP6 can be linked to a ligand-independent AR function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".