Autogenous deformations and viscoelasticity of UHPFRC in structures. Part II: numerical modelling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autogenous deformation is the main driving force for internal deformations in ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concretes (UHPFRC). Experimental results of free and restrained shrinkage tests, described in part I of the current paper, are used to simulate the time-dependent behaviour of structural elements made of UHPFRC and normal-strength concrete (NSC). The validation of a numerical model is performed with experimental results of composite UHPFRC–concrete elements. The influence of the magnitude of UHPFRC autogenous shrinkage on deformations, stresses and crack formation in structural elements is determined in a parametric study. It is demonstrated that there are no excessive deformations and no crack formation in structural elements for magnitudes of autogenous shrinkage at 28 days below 1000 μm/m, that is, a value more than two times higher than that measured for the investigated UHPFRC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".